All posts by petprofessionals

Uncategorized

Canine nutrition Q&A – Part II

In part I, we focussed mainly on the importance of a balanced diet from a preventative perspective, as a way of keeping your pet healthy, but did you know that nutrition can also play a therapeutic role?

 

#4: My dog is overweight. Should I change his diet?

The most common cause for excess weight and obesity is excessive consumption of calories due to overfeeding. Many times, this happens without us noticing they we are overfeeding our pets, as it’s easy for us to give in to their ‘puppy eyes’ when we have our own meals. This is why it’s so important to establish a treat allowance – this way you can give in to your pet’s cravings without the risk of overfeeding.

If your pet is overweight, a calorie deficit will be needed for them to lose the extra kgs. This means subtracting some calories from their daily nutritional requirements, which translates to a gradual reduction in the daily amount of food they eat.

While some pets are unbothered with this reduction, others can become very unsettled and constantly beg for more food. In these cases, a specific diet for weight management may be recommended, as these are high in fibre and promote a feeling of fullness.

Please do remember that drastic changes to your pet’s diet can cause digestive problems or other health issues, so make sure to always consult with your vet so he/she can design a safe weight loss plan tailored to your pet’s needs and health status.

 

#5: Apart from quantity and type of food, is there anything else I can change in my pet’s feeding routine to help him lose weight?

Yes! Are you familiar with puzzle feeders? A puzzle feeder is an object where you place your pet’s food which they then have to manipulate in order to get it out. This type of feeder not only promotes mental stimulation but also slows down their food intake, which contributes to weight loss.

Puzzle feeders are also a great tool to help pets that have a voracious appetite, particularly large breed or deep-chested dogs, as they are prone to developing bloat. In these cases, dividing their food in multiple meals and ensuring a slower food intake is very important.

 

#6: When else should I change my dog’s diet?

There are a number of health conditions, from chronic kidney disease to pancreatitis, in which part of the treatment plan may involve a change to your pet’s nutrition.

However, other than medical reasons, and contrary to the variety that we’re used to enjoying ourselves, dogs’ benefit from consistency in their feeding routines, regarding what, how much and even where they’re eating.

 

If you have any other questions about how you should feed your pet, don’t hesitate to contact your vet for advice. Nutrition is a highly complex veterinary area and an essential part of responsible pet care!

Would you like to know more about dogs? Check our Canine Courses:

Canine courses

 

 

Dogs, The Pet Professionals

Dog owners beware! Bloom of toxic blue-green algae

The summer sun brings serious summer fun! Our countryside walks are back in full swing, with all due distancing and safety precautions of course, and there is nothing better than taking our doggy friends for a day out near the lake or jog around the forest ponds.

However, before all of this awesome fun can start, it’s important to remember that there are several dangerous situations that lurk around lakes, ponds and any spots where water remains stagnated for a long time.

 

Not your friendly sea algae!

Blooming blue-green algae are a frequent presence on still water when the days start warming up, and this year is no exception. If you’ve ever noticed green or brown scum floating on the surface of the water, you were likely looking right at blue-green algae!

Their name is misleading though, as they are not in fact algae, but are instead a type of bacteria. They are cyanobacteria, and they produce toxins that can be fatal to pets if ingested, even in small quantities.

A recent report by the British Veterinary Association indicates that these bacteria are back in full force, with one lethal case this year already so it’s definitely something owners should be aware of!

 

Signs of intoxication

Dogs, in their boundless curiosity, usually contact the bacteria by drinking some contaminated water, licking them off their fur after a refreshing dip, or just because they found the pond scum absolutely impossible to resist consuming.

Signs can show up within minutes to hours after exposure, and they can include:

  • Vomiting,
  • Drooling,
  • Diarrhoea,
  • Trouble walking,
  • Difficulty breathing,
  • Seizures.

 

If you spot any of these after a great day out, don’t delay! Veterinary treatment must be administered promptly as toxins will target the liver, causing irreversible and possibly lethal damage.

 

Avoiding dangerous encounters

Fortunately, not all blue-green algae are toxic, but it’s not possible to tell just by looking at them on lakes or rivers.

The best way to make sure there are no accidents is to always keep your dogs on a lead near lakes, ponds or rivers that have been confirmed or are suspected of having toxic blooms. Warning signs from the local council or the Environment Agency will often let you know if the site is safe for a swim or you can check their online notices.

Dogs that have been swimming outside should be washed with clean water to make sure there is no residue on the coat or limbs.

 

If you think your dog might have contacted blue-green algae, this is an emergency situation and time is of the essence! Cyanobacteria intoxication has no specific antidote, and the sooner treatment starts, the better the chances of a full recovery.

Would you like to know more about dogs? Check our Canine Courses:

Canine courses

 

 

Dogs, The Pet Professionals

Canine nutrition Q&A – Part I

We are what we eat, and the same is true for our four-legged friends.

We can’t stress enough how much a balanced diet is important for your pet’s health, so we’ve prepared a Q&A for you with common questions dog owners have regarding their pet’s nutritional needs!

 

#1: What should I feed my dog?

With the growing number of commercial diets available, choosing the best one to feed your dog can be challenging! On top of that, there are many factors that need to be taken into consideration, such as life stage, lifestyle and breed/size, for example.

Puppies, pregnant or lactating bitches, and golden oldies all have different energy requirements. Take puppies, for example. As growing animals, puppies tend to have bigger nutritional needs than adult dogs, but keep in mind that this does not translate to a greater quantity of food on their plate! The daily amount of food needs to be calculated based on the puppies’ size and age, and puppy diets are already formulated to be higher in calories.

As for his lifestyle, is your dog sedentary, or does he regularly accompany you on your outdoor adventures? What’s his overall activity level? The number of calories your pet burns during the day is also a factor to take into account, and there are diets specifically formulated for active dogs, which are higher in calories.

Regarding breed, small breed dogs can have difficulties eating and even choke on regular-sized kibble. Puppy kibble is smaller in size but, as we have discussed, higher in calories, so it will not be appropriate for an adult dog! There are diets specially formulated for small breed dogs, which have smaller kibble and balanced nutritional value. As for large breed dogs, they may benefit from a diet that includes some kind of joint support supplement.

If you’re not sure what’s the best option for your pet, don’t hesitate to ask your vet for advice.

 

#2: How much should I give my dog to eat?

The factors we’ve just covered above will influence the amount of food your dog needs to eat every day as well.

After calculating his daily nutritional requirements, you’ll probably want to have part of those calories allocated as a treat allowance, which can be up to 10% of your dog’s total energy needs. This way, you can give your pet treats without exceeding the daily requirements and make sure your dog stays at a healthy weight!

For instance, if your pet needs 1000 kcal per day, up to 100 kcal can be treats. The remaining 900 kcal should consist of your dog’s regular food and should be divided into the number of meals you intend to give your dog during the day. If you’re planning on giving him food twice a day, each meal would consist of 450 kcal. If you’d like to feed him more often, three meals of 300 kcal each would be an option.

Your vet can help you make these calculations and find the equivalent weight or volume of food, so you won’t have to worry about counting calories every time you feed your dog!

 

#3: Should I opt for a homecooked diet instead?

Homecooked diets can be valuable in a number of situations, especially if your pet is sick. However, as a long-term option, it is not easy to create a balanced diet from everyday food, and you’ll probably need  to include mineral and vitamin supplements. Make sure to always check with your vet first as an unbalanced diet will harm your dog’s health.

 

By now, you’ve probably realised that nutrition is not a black and white subject, so stay tuned for part II and, if you have any questions, make sure you discuss them with your vet!

You can find the 2nd part of this article on this link

Horses, The Pet Professionals

Avoiding horse overheating during exercise

The heat is back on, summer is in full swing and horse owners are faced with a difficult challenge.

How do you keep up with exercise and work needs in this hot weather?

During this time, heat stress is a significant concern for all owners, and it’s vital to keep monitoring your horse’s hydration status and workload. There are several factors to consider when evaluating if and when you should ride out with your horses to avoid dehydration and overheating.

 

Temperature and humidity

High temperatures by themselves are already something to be cautious about, but when mixed in with high humidity, the combination can get truly dangerous, fast.

Damp heat makes it harder for a horse to regulate its body temperature by evaporating sweat, and so, this puts the animal at risk of heat stress.

 

Hydration 

If you’ve ever wondered why the phrase “sweat like a horse” exists, then this section will clear it right up.

Like us (and unlike dogs or cats), the primary method of losing heat is through sweating. Because of their size, they can lose around 10 to 12 litres of water every hour just by sweating. This means that dehydration through continued losses from sweat can and will happen if you’re not careful.

Something else that might happen is that, due to the chemical nature of their sweat, horses might not feel thirsty after sweating. In practical terms, your animals could be dehydrated, but they will not seek out water to drink.

 

So… back to our first issue!

How can I help my horses exercise without harmful heat stress?

  • Consider skipping a training day if the weather is overly hot or damp;
  • If work is necessary, try to ride during the cooler hours of the day;
  • Make sure that your horse is drinking and always has available water sources;
  • Running cool water over the body after exercising is a great way to help lose heat but make sure to keep a good flow so there’s always cooler water on them;
  • Avoid overly cold water as it might cause the blood vessels to constrict, making heat loss less efficient;
  • Shaded, well-ventilated areas are great spaces to help your animals cool down, especially if there are fans near them;
  • Check if your transportation unit is adequate for hot temperature travel and, if it’s not, travel during the cooler hours.

 

These are some of the quick, practical things you can implement during this time of the year but, if you need any help or feel there is something wrong, don’t hesitate to contact your vet.

Cats, Dogs, The Pet Professionals

Your pet and the vet

For most people, when they bring a new pet home, one of the first thoughts that cross their mind is to take him or her to the vet to make sure that they are healthy.

If this is the first time you have owned a pet, even after you’ve done lots of preparation and research, that first appointment can be overwhelming! There are a lot of things that need to be discussed, including worming and flea treatments, vaccinations, microchipping, nutrition, neutering, socialisation and training, some of which need to take place at very specific times, meaning there’s a lot to take in!

But don’t worry; it’s perfectly natural to feel confused! Your vet will lay out a detailed plan for the upcoming weeks, where all of these basic needs will be addressed one by one, and where you’ll be able to discuss any concerns that you may have.

Throughout your pets’ life, there are two main reasons to take them to the vet. Firstly, there are the routine preventative visits, and secondly those visits when your pet is unwell.

Preventative medicine includes all the basics mentioned above, which are extremely important to protect your pet from preventable issues, such as life-threatening contagious diseases, internal and external parasites, obesity and associated conditions, and even reproductive cancer.

As for when your pet becomes ill, as you’re aware, there are a number of conditions that can affect our pets, which can be as simple as gastroenteritis from eating a fatty piece of bacon, for example, to something more serious that requires life-long management, such as heart disease.

As a pet owner, it is your responsibility to speak for your pet, and an attentive owner is a valuable diagnostic tool! You’re the one that knows your pet the best, and you’ll be able to notice when something is wrong, even if your pet seems normal to other people. Make it a routine to give your pet a check over once a week and get to know what is normal.  That way you will be able to recognise the abnormal.

This is particularly important when it comes to chronic diseases, such as diabetes or chronic kidney disease, for example. Early signs can be as subtle as drinking or urinating more than usual, which can be easily overlooked if you don’t know what usual is for your pet.

But paying attention is also vital in acute diseases, such as intoxications, for example, in which the sooner treatment is started, the better the chances of recovery and even survival.

If you have any questions relating to the health of your pet, don’t hesitate to contact your vet. They’ll be happy to give advice, help, assist, see and treat your pet as needed, and you will also gain peace of mind in knowing that you’re providing the care that your pet deserves.

Cats, The Pet Professionals

The cat attack – Why is my cat being aggressive?

Particular as they may be, cats have wonderful personalities and make great companion animals and furry friends.

However, sometimes cats can show aggression towards their owners and other pets, which can be very detrimental to the bond between them and the home environment, and even dangerous in extreme situations.

Some aggressive behaviours are natural and even essential when it comes to hunting and personal defence, but these are definitely not wanted or needed in the security and comfort of our homes.

So, assuming that our cats are fed, well, that they don’t need to hunt to provide for their next meal, and that they have the whole house to claim as their territory, what can be causing our cats to act aggressively?

To answer this question, we need to go back to the kittens first weeks of life. Approximately between the second and ninth weeks of age, there is a very important phase in a kitten’s development, also known as the socialisation period. During this period, the kittens should be with their mother, so they can learn a number of normal cat behaviours, such as hunting and grooming, for example, skills that they are going to need and use throughout their lives. This is also the ideal timing to introduce the kittens to different experiences and stimuli, so they can get to know what to expect of a situation, what to fear, what to be careful with, and what is safe, gaining the foundations to grow into healthy and confident adult cats.

When a kitten is not adequately socialised, this can result in the manifestation of aggressive behaviours later. However, aggression is often the combination of various factors and not the result of a single event. Another common cause of attacks is a response to stress, which can, in turn, be associated with interactions with people (which can be as simple as petting), or with other animals, changes in the environment, fear, pain, and even health conditions.

Hyperthyroidism, infectious diseases, osteoarthritis and idiopathic cystitis are just a few examples of medical conditions that are commonly associated with feline aggression. As such, if your cat is acting aggressively, it is very important to seek veterinary assistance. Your vet will be able to perform a thorough check-up to make sure no health issues are causing these behaviours, as well as devise a treatment plan matched to your cat’s case.

Treatment strategies can be as simple as modifying the cat’s environment or the way you interact with your cat, but most cases usually require a multi-modal approach. Also, keep in mind that altering a cat’s behaviour is something that takes time and patience. Make sure you discuss with your vet all the concerns you may have and do not try to solve this type of problem without the help of a qualified professional.

Would you like to know more about cats? Check our Feline Courses:

Feline courses


 

Cats, Dogs, Horses, The Pet Professionals

Top 3 tips to enjoy Summer with your pets

With the beautiful weather we’ve been having lately, we feel this is the perfect opportunity to share with you our top three tips to help you enjoy Summer with your four-legged companions.

#1: Keep your pets protected from heatstroke

As usual, prevention always comes first!

Heatstroke occurs when your pets overheat in such a way that their physiologic cooling mechanisms are not sufficient to bring their body temperature back to normal. This can be extremely dangerous and even life-threatening.

There are a number of precautions you can take to avoid heatstroke, the most important being:

  • Ensuring that your pets have access to well-ventilated, shaded areas at all times.
  • Avoiding taking your dogs for a walk or exercising your horses during the hottest hours of the day.
  • Making sure fresh, clean water is always available.

Dogs and cats are usually more easily and severely affected since they cannot sweat like horses. As such, signs of heatstroke also tend to be more evident in small animals than in horses, which may only show signs of some distress.

Signs of heatstroke in dogs include excessive panting, excessive salivation, restlessness, incoordination, confusion, weakness and collapse. In cats, the signs are the same, though they tend to be more subtle. However, if your cat is breathing with an open mouth, this is always indicative of a problem, so don’t hesitate to contact your vet for advice.

Keep in mind that some animals are more susceptible to heatstroke than others, and predisposing factors include:

  • Medical conditions
  • Obesity
  • Thick/dark coats
  • Flat faces – brachycephalic breeds
  • Age extremes
  • Strenuous exercise
  • Dehydration

Which brings us right into our next tip.

#2: Staying hydrated

Water is the major component of our pets’ body, which is the same as saying without water, there is no life.

As water takes part in so many vital functions in our pets’ metabolism, including temperature regulation, making sure our pets stay hydrated should be a priority to every owner.

So, what can you do to make sure your pet stays hydrated? There are basically two ways to do this:

  1. Increasing water intake
  2. Decreasing water loss

Increasing water intake can be tricky, especially for cats. If they’re not particularly fond of drinking (because there are cats that do love to drink!), you can ask your vet how to include wet food in their diet.

To encourage the drinking behaviour itself, it usually helps to have multiple sources of clean, fresh water scattered around the house. You can also try offering water in different containers as some cats may have preferences regarding the type of material of the container. Some cats will also prefer running water to still water, so keep trying different combinations.

Adding some ice cubes to your pets’ water will keep it cool longer, which some pets find refreshing, depending on their individual preferences.

Regarding horses, we need to keep in mind that, when they sweat, they’re losing water to regulate their temperature, but they’re losing electrolytes as well, particularly sodium. As such, an oral replacement electrolyte solution may be indicated. Make sure you check with your vet if this is needed, and which one is the most appropriate to give to your horse.

As for decreasing water loss, pets lose water with thermoregulation (keeping their body temperature stable when it’s too hot) and through elimination. There’s nothing we can do about the latter unless there’s an underlying medical condition increasing or decreasing its frequency, but we can help to reduce the energy and water our pets spend regulating their temperature. The way to do this is to keep them in a cool well-ventilated environment and avoid exercise when it’s too warm outside.

#3: Enjoy outdoor activities

Summer is fast approaching, the weather is fantastic, and this is the perfect opportunity to enjoy outdoor activities with your pets, such as hacking or going for a countryside walk.

Make sure you take all necessary safety precautions needed, including everything we have mentioned above, practice safe social distancing and have a wonderful time with your pets!

Horses, The Pet Professionals

Spring and lameness – Laminitis and beyond

 

One of the most beautiful landscapes that spring has to offer us is a vast, luscious green pasture, with the sun shining up in the blue sky and the opportunity for our horses to graze freely and enjoy nature.

However, as horse owners are well aware, fresh spring grass is very sugary and, if you have roughed off your horse and then suddenly notice that they are limping, the first thing that would cross your mind would probably be laminitis.

There are factors other than diet that can predispose your horse to develop this condition, including excess weight and obesity, hormonal and metabolic disorders, bacterial infections, excessive concussion, and even stress. Also, if your horse has had laminitis before, it is more likely for this problem to recur.

Unfortunately, laminitis is a serious condition that can easily become chronic, with the hoof structures suffering permanent damage, which is why it’s so important to seek veterinary assistance as soon as you notice something unusual about your horse’s walk.

Acute episodes of laminitis tend to be extremely painful, and clinical signs will not go unnoticed, including:

  • Reluctance or inability to walk or even stand,
  • Altered stance, usually favouring weight support on the hind feet,
  • Lameness,
  • Signs of pain which may resemble an episode of colic.

However, there’s more to lameness in the horse than laminitis. So, if your horse is lame, what else could be causing it?

There are other chronic conditions that can cause pain in your horse’s feet and, consequently, an altered gait, such as osteoarthritis and navicular syndrome, for example.

With chronic conditions, clinical signs tend to be more subtle, given that the horse has had time to adapt. In such cases, you may not be able to perceive an evident limp, but you may notice a slight head bob as your horse is walking, or an abnormal stance, for example.

As for acute conditions, these can include injuries, sprains, fractures, infections and even lesions that are higher up in the musculoskeletal system, such as the back and the neck.

If you notice something is different about your horse’s walk, you can check their feet and lower legs to try to identify if there’s a visible or palpable injury, such as hoof rings, cracks or dark spots, something caught in the gaps of their hooves, cuts, swelling and if the legs feel warm or painful.

Independently of the cause, all kinds of hoof and lameness problems should be addressed as soon as possible. Lameness-associated conditions are usually very painful and can even be life-threatening. If you have any concerns regarding your horse’s health, don’t hesitate to contact your vet for advice.

Would you like to know more about horses? Check our Equine Courses:

Equine courses


 

Dogs, The Pet Professionals

Spring routine care

April showers bring not only May flowers, but they also bring a lot of parasite concerns. Warmer weather invites all sorts of creepy crawlies into your garden and straight onto your pets (and family!).

Keeping your dog’s flea and worm treatment up to date is essential all year-round, but during Spring, there is a significant increase in the activity and number of parasites.

Fleas are the most common household parasites and are usually the first concern of any pet owner. They catch rides on your furry friends and then lay eggs in your home, which makes getting rid of an infestation something of a chore!

Unfortunately, they are not alone, and other unwanted guests can include:

  • Ticks – They latch onto your pets and are the vectors of several diseases, such as Lyme disease, babesiosis or ehrlichiosis. All of these are severe diseases that can affect both animals and humans;
  • Mites – These microscopic parasites can cause scabies and ear infections in dogs and some are highly contagious to humans as well. They cause mainly hair loss and skin irritation;
  • Intestinal parasites – Roundworms, hookworms and tapeworms are some of the most common types of intestinal parasites in dogs which can be visible in their faeces. Despite causing diarrhoea, weight loss and abdominal pain, severe disease is not common.

External parasites like ticks and fleas can usually be spotted directly on your pets’ skin whereas mites are microscopic. But even if you can’t see them, constant scratching and biting or red and damaged skin, and hair loss are pretty reliable indicators that something may be wrong.

Intestinal parasites are more likely to cause diarrhoea and discomfort at first, but, in case of a large infestation, there is a chance of intestinal blockage. Puppies are more at risk of suffering from these parasites, showing diminished growth or even weight loss, so it’s always best to start them on a worming plan as soon as possible.

Despite restrictions, keeping your pets’ parasite treatments updated should not be neglected, so make sure you talk to your vet if you have any questions or concerns and to order your next treatments.

Would you like to know more about dogs? Check our Canine Courses:

Canine courses

 

Cats, The Pet Professionals

Routines are vital for feline wellbeing

Cats may seem to be whimsical pets who enjoy doing all sorts of random things (usually involving pushing fragile objects off the shelves!) but, the truth is, they are animals that rely on stable routines to feel confident and safe.  

They like to know who will be home (and when), at what hours they can expect your full attention, and to have the best places available to nap when the mood strikes. Does this sound familiar?  

Because most of us have altered our routines in one way or another due to the current Coronavirus pandemic, it’s important to be aware of how these changes can affect our pets. Not only may we feel a little more stressed sometimes, which pets can be sensitive to, but domestic organisation may also have been thrown into complete disarray.  

If your purring pal seems a bit unsettled or is exhibiting odd behaviours like excessive vocalisation, for example, it may be a sign that they are trying to adapt to change and develop new habits. 

Help them along during this time by reviewing if your home is still a cosy cat corner:  

  • Is there a place where your cat can retire to if he or she needs to be away from people or other pets?  
  • Are you taking the time to play and have meaningful interactions with your cat?  
  • Do they have enough ways to stave off boredom, for instance with toys, unobstructed windows or a place to hang out with you while you work?  

Some cats will be more troubled by this than others, but with disruption comes increased anxiety, which can originate odd behaviours, as we have mentioned, or even a decline in overall health.  

Cats, in their normal state, are masters at hiding pain and discomfort. With all of these sudden changes, it can be easy to dismiss signs of illness as being something your pet is doing because their routines have been altered!   

It’s vital to keep a keen eye on them during this time to make sure they feel comfortable and to detect any problems that may arise. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact your vet for advice.

Would you like to know more about cats? Check our Feline Courses:

Feline courses